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Recent global studies have shown that biochar has the potential to store up to 1 gigaton of carbon per year[Ref], if agricultural residues are managed optimally. This figure is equivalent to the total emissions from the global agricultural sector. This fact demonstrates that biochar is not just an environmentally friendly idea, but a key part of a larger climate mitigation strategy.
Biochar is charcoal produced through a process called pyrolysis, which involves heating biomass such as agricultural waste, wood, or organic residues with very little or no oxygen. The result is a highly porous and chemically stable material.
Unlike biomass that decomposes and releases carbon, biochar locks carbon in a solid form that can remain in the soil for hundreds to thousands of years, helping to mitigate climate change.
Biochar is significant because it combines two key benefits: climate mitigation and soil fertility improvement.
Biomass that would normally decompose and release CO₂ into the atmosphere can be converted into biochar, keeping carbon locked in. According to Karan et al. (2023), the theoretical carbon capture potential of biochar is about 1 Pg C/year (≈3.7 Pg CO₂e/year)[Ref]. Taking into account realistic limitations, such as the portion of agricultural residues that can be used without harming the soil, the realistic potential is about 510 million tons of carbon per year. [Ref]
Thanks to its porous structure, biochar helps soil retain water and nutrients more effectively, improving degraded soils and extending nutrient availability.
Many agricultural residues are openly burned, producing emissions and pollution. When used as a raw material for biochar, these wastes can be repurposed while reducing environmental impact.
Biomass is heated under low-oxygen conditions to prevent burning, so that carbon is not immediately released as gas.
The produced biochar is then mixed into agricultural soil, degraded land, or restoration areas.
The dense and stable structure of biochar ensures that most of the carbon decomposes very slowly. Research shows that even after 100 years, most of the carbon in biochar remains stored in the soil. [Ref]
In major agricultural countries such as India, Bhutan, and South Asia, agricultural residues are used to produce biochar, offering significant carbon mitigation potential. [Ref]
The management of biomass waste, which was previously openly burned—such as rice straw and husks—can be redirected into biochar production, reducing emissions and improving soil quality.
Additionally, biochar is used in the restoration of degraded or damaged land, helping to improve soil structure, enhance water retention, and increase nutrient content.
Biochar is not the only nature-based solution. Reforestation, forest conservation, and agroforestry are also highly important.
The Difference:
Combining both approaches can strengthen climate mitigation impacts while improving community well-being.
Biochar demonstrates that climate solutions can be simple yet powerful: charcoal made from agricultural waste stores carbon in the soil and enhances land quality. However, to be truly effective, biochar should be integrated with broader strategies such as reforestation and forest conservation.
Jejakin ensures that these conservation actions can be monitored, measured, and reported with accurate data. Because protecting the Earth is not just about good ideas, it’s about visible and meaningful action.
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